The word hernia means "something coming through." It is defined as a protrusion of an organ or part (such as the intestine) through connective tissue or through a wall of the cavity in which it is normally enclosed (such as the abdomen). There are multiple types and locations of hernias that you can develop.
It is not uncommon for someone to be born with a weakness in their abdominal wall. The weakness can also occur over time or due to a previous surgical incision. Pressure from organs or tissue pushing on the weakness can cause a hernia. Age, smoking and obesity can also contribute to weakened tissue.
Approximately five million Americans are diagnosed with a hernia every year.2 Men, women, and children of all ages can develop a hernia. Hernias in the groin area (inguinal hernias) are the most common hernia and are present predominantly in men, while hernias in the femoral area (at the top of the thigh) occur most often in women. Although some people are born with a hernia, others increase their risk for various reasons. Some people can also develop a hernia at the site of a previous surgical incision.
Yes. Children can be born with a hernia, oftentimes an umbilical hernia. They can be repaired by reducing the hernia and suturing the hole in the tissue back together.4 You should consult with your pediatrician if you have any questions about a child with a possible hernia.
Age, smoking and obesity are three of the primary risk factors for developing hernias. Other factors include: weak and/or injured muscles, previous surgical incisions, pregnancy, lifting and straining.
Typically, a hernia can be both seen and felt. However, some hernias show no symptoms at all. Oftentimes, you may notice it as a lump in your abdomen area or groin that disappears when you lay down or press on it. You may also feel a dull aching sensation that becomes more pronounced when you are active. The bulge may also get bigger over time. If you’re experiencing a hiatal hernia (in the chest), the symptoms may include heartburn, trouble swallowing, or even pain in the chest.
The discomfort you feel—especially when you cough, lift something heavy, or stand for a long time—comes from the constant pressure of tissue pushing its way through the weakened spot in your body. As more tissue pushes through the weakened area, the feeling of pressure increases. A hernia that develops or worsens quickly can produce a sudden intense pain as it enlarges.
A healthcare provider will evaluate your condition, typically with a physical examination. Imaging tests may also be ordered to help determine whether or not you have a hernia. Your physician will then refer you to consult with a surgeon.
The risk of developing a hernia can be minimized, but hernias cannot be prevented. In fact, certain types of hernias may be present at birth.
Although hernias cannot be prevented, it is possible to minimize the risk of developing a hernia through proper lifting techniques, maintaining a healthy body weight, increasing core strength, quitting smoking, and avoiding chronic coughing, sneezing, or straining.
